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Identification of metabolites of adonifoline, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, by liquid chromatography/tandem and high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Author(s) -
Xiong Aizhen,
Yang Li,
He Yuqi,
Zhang Fang,
Wang Jun,
Han Han,
Wang Changhong,
Bligh S. W. Annie,
Wang Zhengtao
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.4329
Subject(s) - chemistry , chromatography , pyrrolizidine , tandem mass spectrometry , mass spectrometry , electrospray ionization , pyrrolizidine alkaloid , electrospray , glucuronidation , alkaloid , metabolite , liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry , biochemistry , stereochemistry , enzyme , microsome
Abstract Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (HPA)‐containing plants have always been a threat to human and livestock health worldwide. Adonifoline, a main HPA in Senecio scandens Buch.‐Ham. ex D. Don (Qianli guang), was used officially as an infusion in cases of oral and pharyngeal infections in China. In this study i n vivo metabolism of adonifoline was studied for the first time by identifying the metabolites of adonifoline present in bile, urine and feces of rats using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS n ) (ion trap) as well as liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐HRMS) (quadrupole‐time of flight). In total 19 metabolites were identified and, among them, retronecine‐ N ‐oxides were confirmed by matching their fragmentation patterns with their fully characterized synthetic compounds. These metabolites are all involved in both phase I and phase II metabolic processes and the principal in vivo metabolism pathways of adonifoline were proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.