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Belowground fate of 15 N injected into sweetgum trees ( Liquidambar styraciflua ) at the ORNL FACE Experiment
Author(s) -
Garten Charles T.,
Brice Deanne J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.4227
Subject(s) - liquidambar styraciflua , chemistry , cycling , nitrogen , organic matter , ammonium , biomass (ecology) , nitrogen cycle , zoology , environmental chemistry , soil organic matter , botany , horticulture , agronomy , soil water , environmental science , forestry , soil science , organic chemistry , biology , geography
Nitrogen (N) cycling can be an important constraint on forest ecosystem response to elevated atmospheric CO 2 . Our objective was to trace the movement of 15 N, injected into tree sap, to labile and stable forms of soil organic matter derived partly from the turnover of tree roots under elevated (545 ppm) and ambient (394 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) FACE (Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Experiment. Twenty‐four sweetgum trees, divided equally between CO 2 treatments, were injected with 3.2 g 15 N‐ammonium sulfate (99 atom %), and soil samples were collected beneath the trees over a period of 89 weeks. For 16 cm deep soil samples collected beneath the study trees, there was 28% more fine root (less than or equal to 2 mm diameter) biomass under elevated CO 2 ( P = 0.001), but no significant treatment effect on the amounts of necromass, coarse root biomass, or on the N concentrations in tree roots and necromass. Nitrogen‐15 moved quickly into roots from the stem injection site and the 15 N content of roots, necromass, and labile organic matter (i.e. particulate organic matter, POM) increased over time. At 89 weeks post‐injection, approximately 76% of the necromass 15 N originated from fine root turnover. Nitrogen‐15 in POM had a relatively long turnover time (47 weeks) compared with 15 N in roots (16 to 22 weeks). Over the 1.7 year period of the study, 15 N moved from roots into slower cycling POM and the disparity in turnover times between root N and N in POM could impose progressive limitations on soil N availability with stand maturation irrespective of atmospheric CO 2 , especially if the release of N through the decomposition of POM is essential to sustain forest net primary production. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.