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A review of stable isotope techniques for N 2 O source partitioning in soils: recent progress, remaining challenges and future considerations
Author(s) -
Baggs E. M.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.3456
Subject(s) - chemistry , soil water , isotope ratio mass spectrometry , environmental chemistry , stable isotope ratio , isotope , biochemical engineering , process (computing) , earth science , mass spectrometry , environmental science , soil science , computer science , engineering , physics , chromatography , quantum mechanics , geology , operating system
Nitrous oxide is produced in soil during several processes, which may occur simultaneously within different micro‐sites of the same soil. Stable isotope techniques have a crucial role to play in the attribution of N 2 O emissions to different microbial processes, through estimation (natural abundance, site preference) or quantification (enrichment) of processes based on the 15 N and 18 O signatures of N 2 O determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These approaches have the potential to become even more powerful when linked with recent developments in secondary isotope mass spectrometry, with microbial ecology, and with modelling approaches, enabling sources of N 2 O to be considered at a wide range of scales and related to the underlying microbiology. Such source partitioning of N 2 O is inherently challenging, but is vital to close the N 2 O budget and to better understand controls on the different processes, with a view to developing appropriate management practices for mitigation of N 2 O. In this respect, it is essential that as many of the contributing processes as possible are considered in any study aimed at source attribution, as mitigation strategies for one process may not be appropriate for another. To aid such an approach, here the current state of the art is critically examined, remaining challenges are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future direction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.