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A comparison of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization in testing for amphetamine‐type substances and ketamine using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Author(s) -
Apollonio Luigino G.,
Pianca Dennis J.,
Whittall Ian R.,
Kyd Jennelle M.,
Maher William A.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
rapid communications in mass spectrometry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.528
H-Index - 136
eISSN - 1097-0231
pISSN - 0951-4198
DOI - 10.1002/rcm.2639
Subject(s) - library science , forensic toxicology , forensic science , chemistry , government (linguistics) , analytical chemistry (journal) , chromatography , history , computer science , archaeology , philosophy , linguistics
The development of reliable atmospheric pressure ionization (API) interfaces in the coupling of liquid chromatography to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is the primary reason that LC/MS systems are now commonplace in the working toxicology laboratory. The principles of electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in LC/MS analysis have been described, with reported advantages in their application dependent on the characteristics of the target organic compound. While both ESI and APCI have proven to be sensitive and robust, the ESI interface is the more widely used in toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring, as it allows the sensitive determination of analytes with higher molecular masses, such as proteins, and those with high polarity, such as conjugated drug metabolites. Although the majority of organic compounds of interest do respond to ESI, APCI was developed as an alternative for the analysis of lipophilic compounds and molecules of generally moderate mass, polarity, and volatility. In addition, studies have suggested that APCI demonstrates a reduced susceptibility to matrix effects and ion suppression