The mechanisms of elementary physicochemical processes: An introductory report

Most of the work of theoretical physical chemists and chemical physicists relates at least indirectly to the mechanisms of physicochemical processes. Therefore it is important to examine the meaning and the scope of that notion in the context of recent developments in computational studies. After a brief mention of the meaning of the expression “elementary” physicochemical processes ( EPCP ), the authors adopt as a definition of mechanism a cause—effect description of an EPCP based on metastable and transient states corresponding to minima and saddle points of the potential energy surface; these states transform into one another according to appropriate selection rules. The so‐called reaction‐path Hamiltonian can be seen as the starting point for a quantum interpretation of the mechanism concept. On this basis the reaction coordinate, the mechanism profile, and the transition state can be fitted into the same framework. Selection rules are illustrated on the symmetry rules, with a few recent examples of applications which also show their limitations. “Propensity” rules allowing surmises on the nature of a transition state from a static picture of the initial state are also considered and their connection with “reactivity indices” emphasized. Processes involving excitation of electronic states as well as environmental effects are briefly examined. Finally, a specific example taken from surface studies is described in some detail to provide the grounds for further reflection.