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Implications of gauge invariance for length versus velocity forms of the interaction with electric dipole radiation
Author(s) -
Kobe Donald H.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of quantum chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.484
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1097-461X
pISSN - 0020-7608
DOI - 10.1002/qua.560140807
Subject(s) - physics , dipole , hamiltonian (control theory) , quantum electrodynamics , gauge theory , classical mechanics , quantum mechanics , electric dipole moment , mathematics , mathematical optimization
Gauge invariance is used as a criterion to show that the “length” form of the interaction of electric dipole radiation with matter should be used instead of the “velocity” form. The conventional perturbation treatment of the interaction of electric dipole radiation with matter which gives the velocity form is criticized from the standpoint of gauge invariance. An alternative manifestly gauge‐invariant formulation is given. For electric dipole radiation, this formulation implies that the length form of the interaction should be used when the atomic Hamiltonian is used as the unperturbed Hamiltonian. The length form of the interaction leads to the length form of dipole oscillator strengths.