Individual and combined influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole on the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation

Tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) is the tendency of a strong monsoon to be followed by a weaker one and vice versa. It involves both oceanic and atmospheric processes in the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. The present study analyses the effect of dynamical processes of the Indian and Pacific Oceans like the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the TBO. The 200 hPa velocity potential, 850 hPa zonal wind and sea‐surface temperature datasets obtained from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the period 1950–2006 are used for the study of the TBO. The IOD and TBO have both in‐phase (positive/negative IOD with positive/negative TBO) and out‐of‐phase (positive/negative IOD with negative/positive TBO) relationships. On the other hand, La Niña is associated with the positive phase of TBO and El Niño with the negative phase. In the presence of El Niño (La Niña), positive (negative) IOD is associated with negative (positive) TBO and in the absence of ENSO, positive (negative) IOD is associated with positive (negative) phase of TBO. When ENSO is associated with TBO, it tends to dominate the biennial transition irrespective of IOD. In‐phase Indian to Australian monsoon transition of TBO is controlled by ENSO. IOD–TBO association is strong and significant in the absence of ENSO only. The biennial reversal is confined to the Indian Ocean in the TBO cycle associated with IOD only. Thus IOD can be considered as the local forcing for the biennial monsoon cycle, and ENSO the remote effect. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society