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The effect of solar radiation on occult deposition over hills
Author(s) -
Gallagher M. W.,
Choularton T. W.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.49711548714
Subject(s) - deposition (geology) , atmospheric sciences , evaporation , ridge , cloud base , environmental science , radiation , meteorology , geology , cloud computing , geomorphology , physics , optics , paleontology , sediment , computer science , operating system
A model of the turbulent deposition of cloud droplets to the surface from cap clouds enveloping a ridge has been extended to include the effects of the evaporation of deposited cloud water on the surface of vegetation. It is shown that evaporation driven by solar radiation penetrating the cloud increases the concentration of dissolved species on the leaf surfaces. The concentration effect tends to be a maximum close to cloud base both upwind and downwind of the hill, where deposition rates are low and the optical depth of the cloud is large. In a supercritical flow regime, however, deposition rates are very large on the lee side of the hill where winds are strong. In this region the cloud also has its smallest vertical depth, increasing the radiation density at the ground. It is this region, just to the lee of the summit, where phytotoxic effects are likely to be a maximum.