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Isotopic study of hail: The δd‐δ 18 O relationship and the growth history of large hailstones
Author(s) -
Jouzel Jean,
Merlivat Liliane,
Federer Bruno
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.49711146812
Subject(s) - graupel , deuterium , materials science , evaporation , liquid water , environmental science , meteorology , thermodynamics , physics , nuclear physics , ice crystals
Simultaneous deuterium and oxygen‐18 measurements were performed on three large hailstones. On a δD‐δ 18 O diagram, the representative points of the samples are generally shifted to the right compared with the curve calculated for the cloud liquid phase, especially for clear layers. This effect is due to evaporation of collected water between times of collection and freezing. A theoretical model is developed for both the wet and dry growth regimes which satisfactorily explains the experimental results. In the framework of the same study, interpretation of radial variations of deuterium content for eleven large hailstones from three storms is presented. the trajectories are reconstructed using the ICM isotopic cloud model which gives more realistic results than the adiabatic model used earlier. Its application shows that the most common growth temperatures are for the layers between ‐15° and ‐20°C and that all the studied graupel embryos originate from around the ‐15°C isotherm. There is good agreement between calculated and estimated updraught speeds and between structural, crystallographic and isotopic features which when combined can serve as a quantitative tool to study both hailstone growth regimes and hailstone trajectories.