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Temperature dependence of secondary ice crystal production during soft hail growth by riming
Author(s) -
Heymsfield Andrew J.,
Mossop S. C.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.49711046512
Subject(s) - hard rime , ice crystals , particle (ecology) , liquid water content , environmental science , ice nucleus , atmospheric sciences , materials science , range (aeronautics) , cloud computing , meteorology , geology , physics , thermodynamics , composite material , oceanography , computer science , nucleation , operating system
Simple experiments confirm that the production of secondary ice particles during the growth of rime depends upon the surface temperature of the riming particle rather than upon the cloud temperature. The required surface temperature of −2.5 to −7.5 °C may be produced over a wide range of cloud temperatures depending on the liquid water content of the cloud and the nature of the riming particle. A particle of high fall velocity in a cloud of high liquid water content may produce secondary ice particles at cloud temperatures considerably below −8 °C.