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The evolution of droplet spectra and large droplets by condensation in cumulus clouds
Author(s) -
Mason B. J.,
Jonas P. R.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.49710042304
Subject(s) - coalescence (physics) , cloud condensation nuclei , spectral line , condensation , radius , plume , liquid water content , cloud physics , effective radius , thermal , atmospheric sciences , physics , mechanics , meteorology , materials science , astrophysics , cloud computing , aerosol , astrobiology , astronomy , galaxy , computer security , computer science , operating system
The paper describes a relatively simple model of a non‐precipitating cumulus cloud that grows by the ascent of successive spherical thermals through the residues of their predecessors, mixing with the surroundings being determined by the relative velocity and the radius of the thermal. The model appears to account for several important features of the cloud structure and the droplet‐size spectrum that are not produced in models of a single parcel or plume. In particular, it produces modest clouds in 30‐40 min in which the vertical velocity, cloud depth and liquid‐water content agree quite well with observations. The computed droplet spectra closely resemble measured spectra and reproduce the bimodal structure observed by Warner. In model maritime clouds containing small concentrations of droplets, the spectra broaden quite rapidly and produce droplets of r = 25 μm by condensation on nuclei of m = 10 −11 g in concentrations of order 100 m −3 within half an hour, beyond which size they may continue to grow rapidly by coalescence to precipitation size. However, in continental clouds containing droplet concentrations of a higher order, it is difficult to produce a significant number of droplets of even 20μm radius.