Premium
Differences between the 2018 and 2019 stratospheric polar vortex split events
Author(s) -
Butler Amy H.,
Lawrence Zachary D.,
Lee Simon H.,
Lillo Samuel P.,
Long Craig S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.3858
Subject(s) - stratosphere , predictability , polar vortex , climatology , quasi biennial oscillation , forcing (mathematics) , northern hemisphere , vortex , oscillation (cell signaling) , sudden stratospheric warming , atmospheric sciences , environmental science , wavenumber , polar , meteorology , physics , geology , chemistry , biochemistry , quantum mechanics , astronomy , optics
Two recent occurrences in February 2018 and January 2019 of a dynamic split in the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex are compared in terms of their evolution and predictability. The 2018 split vortex was associated with primarily wavenumber‐2 wave forcing that was not well predicted more than 7–10 days ahead of time, and was followed by persistent coupling to the surface with strong weather impacts. In 2019 the vortex was first displaced by slow wavenumber‐1 amplification into the stratosphere, which was predictable at longer lead times and then split; the surface impacts following the event were weaker. Here we examine the role of large‐scale climate influences, such as the phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Quasi‐biennial Oscillation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation, on the wave forcing, surface impacts and predictability of these two events. Linkages between the forecast error in the stratospheric polar vortex winds with the forecast error in the Quasi‐biennial Oscillation and Madden–Julian Oscillation are examined.