Properties of conditionally filtered equations: Conservation, normal modes, and variational formulation

Conditionally filtered equations have recently been proposed as a basis for modeling the atmospheric boundary layer and convection. Conditional filtering decomposes the fluid into a number of categories or components, such as convective updraughts and the background environment, and derives governing equations for the dynamics of each component. Because of the novelty and unfamiliarity of these equations, it is important to establish some of their physical and mathematical properties and to examine whether their solutions might behave in counterintuitive or even unphysical ways. It is also important to understand the properties of the equations in order to develop suitable numerical solution methods. The conditionally filtered equations are shown to have conservation laws for mass, entropy, momentum or axial angular momentum, energy, and potential vorticity. The normal modes of the conditionally filtered equations include the usual acoustic, inertio‐gravity, and Rossby modes of the standard compressible Euler equations. In addition, the equations support modes with different perturbations in the different fluid components that resemble gravity modes and inertial modes but with zero pressure perturbation. These modes make no contribution to the total filter‐scale fluid motion, and their amplitude diminishes as the filter scale diminishes. Finally, it is shown that the conditionally filtered equations have a natural variational formulation, which can be used as a basis for systematically deriving consistent approximations.