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Effect of extreme ocean precipitation on sea surface elevation and storm surges
Author(s) -
Wong Benjamin,
Toumi Ralf
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.2845
Subject(s) - precipitation , storm surge , climatology , environmental science , geostrophic wind , atmospheric sciences , storm , geology , meteorology , oceanography , geography
Ocean models that neglect mass and momentum contributions from precipitation can have a systematic bias in sea surface height (SSH). Here, a new rainfall scheme is introduced into the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) to incorporate the effects of precipitation mass. When precipitation is added to the sea surface, it spreads out via surface gravity waves that increase in propagation speed with increasing water depth. Over several days, the SSH increase due to the precipitation mass added creates a geostrophic adjustment, generating anticyclonic geostrophic currents around the SSH increase. The transfer of momentum from precipitation to the sea surface, or rain stress, can also be important. In the case‐study of a real tropical cyclone, Monica, passing North Australia, the effect of incorporating precipitation mass is compared with other processes affecting the storm surge: surface wind, inverse barometer effect and rain stress. The maximum SSH response is 170.6 cm for the wind effect, 61.5 cm for the inverse barometer effect, 7.5 cm for the effect of rain stress and 6.4 cm for the effect of rain mass. Each process has been shown to have different spatial influences. The effect of rain mass has a strong remote influence compared to the inverse barometer effect and the effect of rain stress. This is particularly seen in semi‐enclosed bays.