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Foehn warming distributions in nonlinear and linear flow regimes: a focus on the Antarctic Peninsula
Author(s) -
Elvidge Andrew D.,
Renfrew Ian A.,
King John C.,
Orr Andrew,
LachlanCope Tom A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.744
H-Index - 143
eISSN - 1477-870X
pISSN - 0035-9009
DOI - 10.1002/qj.2489
Subject(s) - hydraulic jump , geology , climatology , ice shelf , peninsula , advection , flow (mathematics) , expansive , atmospheric sciences , environmental science , mechanics , sea ice , cryosphere , physics , compressive strength , materials science , archaeology , composite material , history , thermodynamics
The structure of lee‐side warming during foehn events is investigated as a function of cross‐barrier flow regime linearity. Two contrasting cases of westerly flow over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) are considered – one highly nonlinear, the other relatively linear. Westerly flow impinging on the AP provides one of the best natural laboratories in the world for the study of foehn, owing to its maritime setting and the Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) providing an expansive, homogeneous and smooth surface on its east side. Numerical simulations with the Met Office Unified Model (at 1.5 km grid size) and aircraft observations are utilized. In case A, relatively weak southwesterly cross‐Peninsula flow and an elevated upwind inversion dictate a highly nonlinear foehn event, with mountain wave breaking observed. The consequent strongly accelerated downslope flow leads to high‐amplitude warming and ice‐shelf melt in the immediate lee of the AP. However this foehn warming diminishes rapidly downwind due to upward ascent of the foehn flow via a hydraulic jump. In case C, strong northwesterly winds dictate a relatively linear flow regime. There is no hydraulic jump and strong foehn winds are able to flow at low levels across the entire ice shelf, mechanically mixing the near‐surface flow, preventing the development of a strong surface inversion and delivering large fluxes of sensible heat to the ice shelf. Consequently, in case C ice‐melt rates are considerably greater over the LCIS as a whole than in case A. Our results imply that although nonlinear foehn events cause intense warming in the immediate lee of mountains, linear foehn events will commonly cause more extensive lee‐side warming and, over an ice surface, higher melt rates. This has major implications for the AP, where recent east‐coast warming has led to the collapse of two ice shelves immediately north of the LCIS.