Design of forming shoulders with complex cross‐sections

Vertical ‘form, fill and seal’ machines are used to produce bags for packing particulate or multiple objects. In operation, film is drawn over a forming shoulder and the good design of the surfaces of the shoulder is vital to the successful operation. This paper reviews underlying geometrical definition for the shoulder, corresponding to a filling tube with circular cross‐section. In practice, such cross‐sections occur frequently, but other variant shapes are becoming increasingly common. A method is discussed and demonstrated for extending the approach to allow tubes formed from circular arcs and straight line segments to be handled. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.