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Design of a test method to simulate the stresses encountered by packaging during sea transport
Author(s) -
André Patrick,
Veaux Michel
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
packaging technology and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.365
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1099-1522
pISSN - 0894-3214
DOI - 10.1002/pts.2770010405
Subject(s) - marine engineering , slamming , sea trial , engineering , structural engineering , mechanical engineering , hull
The aim of this research was to design a specific testing method to simulate the mechanical hazards encountered in sea transport regardless of sea routes and sea conditions and to put it into practice with specially designed devices. The Laboratoire National d'Essais (LNE) has carried out this research in cooperation with the French Ship‐Building Research Institute. Eight sea routes of major commercial importance have been chosen and among them five zones in which heavy swells are likely to occur. The behaviour of four types of ships (representative of the present merchant fleet) submitted to various sea conditions has been calculated by computer. Moreover, the stacking conditions on board have been observed directly by the LNE. The analysis of parameters which describe the movement of the ship and affect the packagings are, respectively, rolling, pitching and slamming. Consequently, the forces applied to packagings at the bottom of a stack are a vertical compression force and a horizontal force applied by the moving stacked packagings. A special testing device has been designed applying simultaneously to a packaging both a stacking load and a dynamic horizontal force to this load. The test parameters have been adjusted through experimental ranges of tests on box‐pallets, the behaviour of which were well known in field trials.