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Effects of phytochemicals on macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity: Impact on atherosclerosis
Author(s) -
Soltani Saba,
Boozari Motahareh,
Cicero Arrigo F. G.,
Jamialahmadi Tannaz,
Sahebkar Amirhossein
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.6991
Subject(s) - efflux , cholesterol , abca1 , reverse cholesterol transport , macrophage , high density lipoprotein , biology , lipoprotein , biochemistry , pharmacology , chemistry , transporter , in vitro , gene
High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is the major promoter of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. The functions of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux, are associated with cardiovascular disease rather than HDL levels. We have reviewed the evidence base on the major classes of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids, and their effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and its major pathways. Phytochemicals show the potential to improve the efficiency of each of these pathways. The findings are mainly in preclinical studies, and more clinical research is warranted in this area to develop novel clinical applications.