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Isocordoin analogues promote apoptosis in human melanoma cells via Hsp70
Author(s) -
Russo Alessandra,
Cardile Venera,
Avola Rosanna,
Graziano Adriana,
Montenegro Iván,
Said Bastian,
Madrid Alejandro
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.6498
Subject(s) - apoptosis , dna fragmentation , cytotoxicity , melanoma , reactive oxygen species , hsp70 , intracellular , caspase 3 , caspase , in vitro , fragmentation (computing) , biology , programmed cell death , ic50 , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer research , biochemistry , heat shock protein , gene , ecology
Isocordin 1 and a series of 4‐oxyalkyl‐isocordoin analogues 2 – 8 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity effect against human melanoma cells (A2058). Analogues 4 , 5 , and 6 showed a higher inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 12.91 ± 0.031, 24.88 ± 0.013, and 11.62 ± 0.017, respectively. These analogues, 4 , 5 , and 6 , also induced an apoptotic response at 12.5‐ and 25‐μM concentrations. They inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Hsp70, a critical factor that promotes tumour cell survival. In contrast, Bax and caspase‐9 expression, and caspase‐3 enzyme resulted activated. These results were correlated to a DNA fragmentation typical of apoptosis and an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Alternatively, at higher concentration (50 μM), when the capacity of the cells to sustain Hsp70 synthesis is reduced, our results seem to indicate that necrosis was induced by a further increase in ROS production. Therefore, the central finding in the present study is that these molecules downregulates Hsp70 expression. Altogether, these results suggest that 4‐oxyalkyl‐isocordoin analogues 4 , 5 , and 6 deserve to be deeply investigated for a possible application as Hsp70 inhibitor in the management of melanoma.