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Citrus unshiu peel suppress the metastatic potential of murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo
Author(s) -
Choi Eun Ok,
Lee Hyesook,
HwangBo Hyun,
Kwon Da Hye,
Kim Min Yeong,
Ji Seon Yeong,
Hong Su Hyun,
Kim GiYoung,
Park Cheol,
Hwang HyeJin,
Moon SungKwon,
Yun SeokJoong,
Kim WunJae,
Choi Yung Hyun
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.6497
Subject(s) - melanoma , in vivo , pharmacology , medicine , apoptosis , lactate dehydrogenase , cancer research , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , enzyme , microbiology and biotechnology
The peel of Citrus unshiu Marcow. fruits (CU) has long been used as a traditional medicine that has therapeutic effects against pathogenic diseases, including asthma, vomiting, dyspepsia, blood circulation disorders, and various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of CU peel on metastatic melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, in B16F10 melanoma cells, and in B16F10 cells inoculated‐C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that ethanol extracts of CU (EECU) inhibited cell growth and increased the apoptotic cells in B16F10 cells. EECU also stimulated the induction of mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic pathway, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, EECU suppressed the migration, invasion, and colony formation of B16F10 cells. In addition, the oral administration of EECU reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase activity without weight loss, hepatotoxicity, nor nephrotoxicity in B16F10 cell‐inoculated mice. Moreover, EECU markedly suppressed lung hypertrophy, the number and expression of metastatic tumor nodules, and the expression of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in lung tissue. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of EECU on the metastasis of melanoma indicates that it may be regarded as a potential therapeutic herbal drug for melanoma.