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Nigella sativa essential oil and its bioactive compounds as resistance modifiers against Staphylococcus aureus
Author(s) -
Mouwakeh Ahmad,
Kincses Annamária,
Nové Márta,
Mosolygó Tímea,
MohácsiFarkas Csilla,
Kiskó Gabriella,
Spengler Gabriella
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.6294
Subject(s) - carvacrol , nigella sativa , thymoquinone , antimicrobial , staphylococcus aureus , microbiology and biotechnology , essential oil , broth microdilution , methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus , ethidium bromide , efflux , ranunculaceae , antibacterial agent , biology , food science , traditional medicine , antibiotics , bacteria , minimum inhibitory concentration , medicine , biochemistry , botany , dna , genetics , antioxidant
Nigella sativa essential oil (EO) and its compounds (thymoquinone, carvacrol, and p‐cymene) have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and resistance modifying activity of N. sativa EO, thymoquinone, carvacrol, and p‐cymene against one methicillin susceptible and one methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. N. sativa EO, thymoquinone, carvacrol, and p‐cymene were assessed for antimicrobial activity and modulation of antimicrobial resistance (by broth microdilution), inhibition of antimicrobial efflux (by ethidium bromide [EtBr] accumulation assay), relative expression of mepA gene (by real‐time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction), membrane disrupting effect (by LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Kit), and finally antibiofilm activity (by the crystal violet assay). Both strains of S. aureus were susceptible to N. sativa EO, thymoquinone, and carvacrol. N. sativa EO and carvacrol induced the increase of EtBr accumulated by both S. aureus strains. Membrane integrity of ATCC strain was disrupted by carvacrol and p‐cymene, whereas for the methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain the membrane integrity was disrupted by each compound. N. sativa EO and its bioactive compounds such as carvacrol and p‐cymene could be applied as resistance modifiers in MRSA strains.