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Morinda citrifolia noni water extract enhances innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy mice, ex vivo, and in vitro
Author(s) -
Hong Yo Han,
Yi YoungSu,
Han Sang Yun,
Aziz Nur,
Kim Han Gyung,
Park Sang Hee,
Hossain Mohammad Amjad,
Baik Kwang Soo,
Choi Su Young,
Lee Jongsung,
Kim JongHoon,
Cho Jae Youl
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.6256
Subject(s) - ex vivo , immune system , in vivo , tumor necrosis factor alpha , cytokine , splenocyte , immunology , biology , proinflammatory cytokine , in vitro , innate immune system , cytotoxicity , pharmacology , inflammation , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology
Although Morinda citrifolia (noni) has long been used in traditional medicines for human diseases, its molecular and cellular mechanism of immunostimulatory ability to improve human health under normal healthy conditions is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity of M. citrifolia fruit water extract treated with enzymes (Mc‐eWE). In vitro studies revealed that Mc‐eWE stimulated the cells by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ). The immunostimulatory activity was mediated by activation of NF‐κB and AP‐1. Ex vivo studies showed that Mc‐eWE stimulated splenocytes isolated from mice by inducing NO production and expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and by downregulating the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10 without cytotoxicity. In vivo demonstrated that Mc‐eWE induced immunostimulation by modulating populations of splenic immune cells, especially by increasing the population of IFN‐γ + NK cells. Mc‐eWE enhanced the expression of inflammatory genes and immunostimulatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of IL‐10 in the mouse splenocytes and sera. Taken together, these results suggest that Mc‐eWE plays an immunostimulatory role by activating innate and adaptive immune responses.