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Anti‐rheumatoid Arthritis Effect of Kaejadan via Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activity in vivo and in vitro
Author(s) -
Yoon Jung Jae,
Sohn Eun Jung,
Kim Jung Hyo,
Seo Jai Wha,
Kim SungHoon
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.5763
Subject(s) - pharmacology , arthritis , analgesic , proinflammatory cytokine , superoxide dismutase , in vivo , nitric oxide synthase , chemistry , traditional medicine , medicine , nitric oxide , antioxidant , inflammation , immunology , biochemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
Although Kaejadan (KJD), an herbal cocktail of three medicinal plants ( Lithospermum erythrorhizon , Cinnamomum loureirii , and Salvia miltiorrhiza ), has been traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, its scientific evidence is not fully understood. Hence, we investigated antiinflammatory and analgesic mechanism of KJD in vivo and in vitro . Kaejadan suppressed the number of writhing responses in mice treated by acetic acid and showed antinociceptive effect by tail‐flick test. Kaejadan abrogated serotonin or carrageenan or Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced paw edema and also reduced the level of Evans Blue for vascular permeability. Furthermore, KJD effectively reduced the positive responses for C‐reactive protein and rheumatoid arthritis test in FCA‐treated rats. Of note, KJD inhibited the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde and enhanced the level of superoxide dismutase in the hepatic tissues of FCA‐treated rats. Additionally, KJD abrogated the levels of IL‐1 β and IL‐6 in lipopolysaccharide and IFN‐ γ ‐exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Also, KJD reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 or inducible nitric oxide synthase at protein and mRNA levels in IFN‐ γ and lipopolysaccharide‐exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that KJD exerts antiinflammatory and analgesic effects via enhancement of antioxidant activity and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.