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Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Exhibits Depigmentation Properties
Author(s) -
Lall Namrita,
Kishore Navneet,
Momtaz Saeideh,
Hussein Ahmed,
Naidoo Sanushka,
Nqephe Mabatho,
Crampton Bridget
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.5420
Subject(s) - tyrosinase , depigmentation , melanin , chemistry , pyrogallol , astringent , skin whitening , ic50 , kojic acid , traditional medicine , biochemistry , pharmacology , enzyme , biology , medicine , in vitro , dermatology , taste , active ingredient
Skin hyper‐pigmentation is a condition initiated by the overproduction of melanin existing in the melanocytes. Melanin pigment is responsible for the colour of skin in humans. It is formed through a series of oxidative reactions involving the amino acid tyrosine in the presence of the key enzyme tyrosinase. In continuation with our efforts to identify tyrosinase inhibitors from plants sources, the methanol extract from leaf, bark and fruit of Ceratonia siliqua were screened for tyrosinase inhibition and diphenolase activity. The bark extract exhibited significant inhibition on mushroom tyrosinase using L ‐tyrosine as a substrate and showed diphenolase activity. The extract further significantly lowered tyrosinase mRNA levels in B16‐F10 mouse melanocytes. Bioassay‐guided fractionation led to the isolation of six compounds. Compounds (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐ O ‐gallate, 1,2,3,6‐tetra‐ O ‐galloyl‐ß‐D‐glucose and gallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate showed tyrosinase inhibitions with the IC 50 values of 27.52, 83.30 and 28.30 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds also exhibited L ‐DOPA activities with IC 50 values of >200, 150 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. A clinical study was conducted using 20 volunteers in a patch testing trial for irritancy potential and skin depigmentation. The clinical results showed the sample to be non‐irritant with irritancy potential of −34.21 and depigmentation trial showed an improvement in the even skin tone of UV induced pigmentation at 3% after 28 days of application. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.