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Inhibitory Effect of Phenylbutanoid‐rich Zingiber cassumunar Extracts on Nitric Oxide Production by Murine Macrophage‐like RAW264.7 Cells
Author(s) -
Kaewchoothong Arpaporn,
Tewtrakul Supinya,
Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.4661
Subject(s) - nitric oxide , extraction (chemistry) , hexane , high performance liquid chromatography , solvent , chromatography , nitric acid , chemistry , macrophage , nuclear chemistry , traditional medicine , in vitro , biochemistry , organic chemistry , medicine
Four phenylbutanoids, ( E )‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)but‐3‐en‐l‐ol (I), ( E )‐4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)but‐3‐en‐l‐yl acetate (II), ( E )‐1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (III) and ( E )‐3‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐[( E )‐3,4‐dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex‐1‐ene (IV), isolated from Zingiber cassumunar , were used as standard markers for quantitative determination and preparation of phenylbutanoid‐enriched Z. cassumunar extracts (PZEs). A reversed‐phase HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of the phenylbutanoids in Z. cassumunar extracts. Systematic extraction studies to maximize phenylbutanoid content revealed that hexane was the most appropriate solvent for extraction. A one‐step purification of the hexane crude extract of Z. cassumunar , using silica gel vacuum chromatography, provided the PZEs. The content of phenylbutanoids in the PZEs was up to 48.3% w/w dry weight. The anti‐inflammatory activity of PZEs via inhibition of nitric oxide production by murine macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells was stronger than those of the four individual phenylbutanoids, the crude hexane extract and the essential oil of Z. cassumunar . Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.