Premium
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Mouse Macrophage Cells by Feverfew Supercritical Extract
Author(s) -
Aviram Anat,
Tsoukias Nikolaos M.,
Melnick Steven J.,
Resek Anna P.,
Ramachandran Cheppail
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.3594
Subject(s) - nitric oxide , enos , lipopolysaccharide , western blot , nitric oxide synthase , macrophage , chemistry , in vitro , pharmacology , enzyme , biochemistry , traditional medicine , biology , medicine , immunology , gene , organic chemistry
Feverfew is the most commonly used medicinal herb against migraine headache. The antimigraine mechanism of feverfew supercritical extract was investigated in vitro using the mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Mouse macrophage cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence and absence of feverfew extracts. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide and TNF‐α synthesis were quantified by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and eNOS genes were analysed by RT‐PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The feverfew extract inhibited both nitric oxide (NO) and TNF‐α production in a dose‐dependent manner with complete inhibition of NO occurring at 5 µg/mL of feverfew extract. Both eNOS and iNOS mRNA levels were unchanged with the feverfew treatment. However, eNOS and iNOS proteins were significantly down‐regulated by the feverfew extract. Feverfew inhibition of NO is due to the down‐regulation of both eNOS and iNOS enzymes at the translational and/or post‐translational level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.