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6‐Gingerol Prevents Patulin‐induced Genotoxicity in HepG2 Cells
Author(s) -
Yang Guang,
Zhong Laifu,
Jiang Liping,
Geng Chengyan,
Cao Jun,
Sun Xiance,
Liu Xiaofang,
Chen Min,
Ma Yufang
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.3446
Subject(s) - genotoxicity , patulin , micronucleus test , comet assay , dna damage , chemistry , reactive oxygen species , glutathione , micronucleus , antioxidant , ames test , oxidative stress , biochemistry , pharmacology , biology , food science , dna , toxicity , mycotoxin , genetics , enzyme , salmonella , bacteria , organic chemistry
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced by several Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys species. Since PAT is a potent genotoxic compound, and PAT contamination is common in fruits and fruit products, the search for newer, better agents for protection against genotoxicity of PAT is required. In this study, the chemoprotective effect of 6‐gingerol against PAT‐induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cells was investigated. The comet assay and micronucleus test (MNT) were used to monitor genotoxic effects. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were tested. In addition, the level of oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by immunocytochemical analysis of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG). The results showed that 6‐gingerol significantly reduced the DNA strand breaks and micronuclei formation caused by PAT. Moreover, 6‐gingerol effectively suppressed PAT‐induced intracellular ROS formation and 8‐OHdG level. The GSH depletion induced by PAT in HepG2 cells was also attenuated by 6‐gingerol pretreatment. These findings suggest that 6‐gingerol has a strong protective ability against the genotoxicity caused by PAT, and the antioxidant activity of 6‐gingerol may play an important part in attenuating the genotoxicity of PAT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.