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The Traditional Medicine Spilanthes acmella , and the Alkylamides Spilanthol and Undeca‐2 E ‐ene‐8,10‐diynoic Acid Isobutylamide, Demonstrate In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity
Author(s) -
Spelman Kevin,
Depoix Delphine,
McCray Megan,
Mouray Elisabeth,
Grellier Philippe
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.3395
Subject(s) - parasitemia , traditional medicine , plasmodium falciparum , plasmodium yoelii , malaria , chemistry , medicine , immunology
Spilanthes spp. are used as traditional herbal medicines in Africa and India to treat malaria. Yet, to date, there are no data on the active constituents or the most effective extraction methods for this indication. The isolated alkylamides, spilanthol and undeca‐2 E ‐ene‐8,10‐diynoic acid isobutylamide, found in S. acmella Murr., were shown to have IC 50 s of 16.5 μg/mL and 41.4 μg/mL on Plasmodium falciparum strain PFB and IC 50 s of 5.8 μg/mL and 16.3 μg/mL for the chloroquine resistant P. falciparum K1 strain, respectively. Further investigations revealed that at relatively low concentrations, spilanthol and the water extract of S. acmella reduced the parasitemia 59% and 53% in mice infected with P. yoelii yoelii 17XNL at 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Unexpectedly, the 95% ethanol extract of S. acmella was less effective (36% reduction in parasitemia) at 50 mg/kg. These results provide the first evidence supporting S. acmella against malaria and demonstrating active constituents in S. acmella against P. falciparum . Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.