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Bioactivity of a flavanol‐rich lychee fruit extract in adipocytes and its effects on oxidant defense and indices of metabolic syndrome in animal models
Author(s) -
Kalgaonkar Swati,
Nishioka Hiroshi,
Gross Heidrun B.,
Fujii Hajime,
Keen Carl L.,
Hackman Robert M.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.3137
Subject(s) - triglyceride , chemistry , metabolite , bioavailability , catechin , polyphenol , adiponectin , cafeteria , adipocyte , lipid peroxide , oxidative stress , food science , antioxidant , endocrinology , medicine , biochemistry , lipid peroxidation , adipose tissue , biology , pharmacology , cholesterol , diabetes mellitus , insulin resistance , pathology
Many polyphenolic compounds are poorly digested, and have low bioavailability due to their long chain lengths and chemical composition. A processed, flavanol‐rich lychee fruit extract (FRLFE) that is higher in flavanol monomers, dimer and trimers than its unprocessed counterpart, was tested in a variety of models. First, mature visceral adipocytes were treated with 0, 3, 10 or 30 μg/mL FRLFE (day 6–8). Compared with the controls, the treated cells had lower triglyceride concentrations, less lipid accumulation and a smaller lipid droplet size. Adiponectin release was significantly greater in cells receiving 3 or 10 μg/mL FRLFE than in the controls. Second, rats given a single dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significant increases in plasma (‐)‐epicatechin, 3′‐ O ‐methyl‐(‐)‐epicatechin, and (+)‐catechin levels, peak values were at approximately 2 h and appreciable concentrations were still detected at 6 h. Rats supplemented daily for 1 week with 50 or 100 mg/kg FRLFE had significantly elevated metabolite concentrations. In response to an oxidative stress, erythrocyte membrane integrity was significantly improved in the 100 mg/kg FRLFE group. Third, 7‐month‐old mice fed a 200 mg/kg FRLFE diet for 10 months showed a significant decrease in glucose, triglyceride and lipid peroxide levels compared with mice fed a control diet. Collectively, these results support the concept that the flavanols present in FRLFE are well absorbed and bioactive. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.