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The influence of raw and processed garlic and onions on plasma classical and non‐classical atherosclerosis indices: investigations in vitro and in vivo
Author(s) -
Gorinstein Shela,
Leontowicz Hanna,
Leontowicz Maria,
Jastrzebski Ze,
Najman Katarzyna,
Tashma Zev,
Katrich Elena,
Heo BukGu,
Cho JaYong,
Park YunJum,
Trakhtenberg Simon
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.3001
Subject(s) - blanching , antioxidant , alkaline phosphatase , cholesterol , food science , in vivo , chemistry , biochemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme
Garlic and white and red varieties of onion were subjected to processing by a variety of culinary methods, and bioactive compounds then determined. For in vivo studies, 84 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 14 diet groups, each of six rats, including two control groups (one with no supplementation and one with cholesterol supplementation only). During the 30‐day trial, the basal diets of the other 12 groups were supplemented with 1% cholesterol and raw or processed vegetables. Both raw red onion and red onion subjected to blanching for 90 s hindered the rise in plasma lipids more than the other vegetables studied in the supplemented diets. The decrease in antioxidant activity compared to the cholesterol‐supplemented control group was significantly less for the group fed with red onion subjected to blanching for 90 s. No histological changes were detected in the studied organs of rats that had been fed cholesterol. In conclusion, blanching for 90 s most fully preserved the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials, and hindered the rise in plasma lipid levels and the decrease in plasma antioxidant activity of rats fed cholesterol. Alkaline phosphatase levels correlated with classical atherosclerosis indices, and determination of alkaline phosphatase is suggested as an additional index in atherosclerosis testing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.