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In vitro and In vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep
Author(s) -
Iqbal Zafar,
Lateef Muhammad,
Jabbar Abdul,
Ghayur Muhammad Nabeel,
Gilani Anwarul Hassan
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
phytotherapy research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.019
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1573
pISSN - 0951-418X
DOI - 10.1002/ptr.1800
Subject(s) - anthelmintic , haemonchus contortus , in vivo , nicotiana tabacum , biology , in vitro , traditional medicine , levamisole , pharmacology , botany , medicine , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , larva , biochemistry , ecology , gene
The in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied to rationalize its traditional use. Live Haemonchus contortus were used to assess the in vitro anthelmintic effect of a crude aqueous extract (CAE) and a methanol extract (CME) of N. tabacum . The in vitro inhibitory effect of both the extracts was evident from the paralysis and/or mortality of worms noted at 6 h post‐exposure. For the in vivo studies, CAE and CME were administered in increasing doses (1.0–3.0 g/kg) to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. A maximum reduction of 73.6% in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was recorded on day 5 post‐treatment with CME (3.0 g/kg) while the same dose of CAE showed a 49.4% reduction. Levamisole (7.5 mg/kg), a standard anthelmintic agent, showed a 99.6% reduction in EPG. These data show that the aqueous and methanol extracts of Nicotiana tabacum exhibit dose‐dependent anthelmintic activity both in vitro and in vivo , thus justifying its use in the traditional medicine system of Pakistan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.