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Magnetic Conductive Outer Layer in Oxygen‐Deficient TiO 2 Single Crystals
Author(s) -
Zhang Zhaoting,
Yan Hong,
Ren Lixia,
Li Ming,
Wang Shuanhu,
Jin Kexin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
physica status solidi (rrl) – rapid research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.786
H-Index - 68
eISSN - 1862-6270
pISSN - 1862-6254
DOI - 10.1002/pssr.201900160
Subject(s) - ferromagnetism , condensed matter physics , annealing (glass) , materials science , rutile , hall effect , oxygen , valence (chemistry) , electrical conductor , electrical resistivity and conductivity , atmospheric temperature range , magnetic hysteresis , oxygen pressure , hysteresis , conductivity , magnetic field , magnetization , chemistry , metallurgy , composite material , physics , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics
A magnetic conductive outer layer at insulating rutile TiO 2 crystals is obtained by high‐temperature annealing at low oxygen pressure. The conductivity here is closely dependent on the annealing temperature and time and originates from oxygen vacancies, which has been verified by the observed mixed valence of Ti 3+/4+ . The most striking observation is the occurrence of ferromagnetism demonstrated by ferromagnetic hysteresis and anomalous Hall effect. The ferromagnetic hysteresis is weakly temperature dependent, which implies a defect‐induced ferromagnetism. The anomalous Hall effect provides transport evidence for the existence of a long‐range ferromagnetic order. The present work presents a prototypical case of designing surface physics from the interplay of multiple factors.