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Lattice Distortion‐Induced Quadrupole Interactions, Phases, and Excitations in J = 1 Tetragonal Paramagnets
Author(s) -
Ulner J.,
Durczewski K.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.2221530135
Subject(s) - quadrupole , hamiltonian (control theory) , tetragonal crystal system , condensed matter physics , physics , paramagnetism , phase diagram , quantum mechanics , phase (matter) , mathematics , mathematical optimization
A quadrupole‐quadrupole Hamiltonian for a deformed J = 1 paramagnet of f‐shell localized effective magnetic moments (rare earths, actinides) is derived. The Hamiltonian includes all the interactions between the relevant quadrupole operators and corresponds in particular cases to purely phenomenological Hamiltonians obtained by symmetry considerations. The molecular field and equation‐of‐motion method is applied for studying the system described by this Hamiltonian in the case of the doublet–singlet crystal field splitting in the quadrupolarly disordered phase of the phase diagram.