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Temperature dependence of atomic core levels in solids I. Separation of the temperature dependence of conduction‐band and core‐exciton energies
Author(s) -
Hübner K.,
Bechstedt F.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.2220960137
Subject(s) - exciton , relaxation (psychology) , chemistry , core (optical fiber) , core electron , work (physics) , atomic physics , condensed matter physics , electron , thermal conduction , semiconductor , band gap , materials science , physics , thermodynamics , nuclear physics , psychology , social psychology , composite material , optoelectronics
For the first time an explicit investigation is made of the T ‐dependence of atomic core levels in non‐metallic solids and shown that this dependence can be of the same order as that one of electronic energy bands. The basis for these investigations are models for the chemical and the relaxation shift of core levels, which lead to absolute core‐level energies and their shifts, in agreement with corresponding photoemission data. In the present part of this work the T ‐dependence of conduction‐band and core‐exciton energies of GaP, Si, and SiO 2 is separated, which is involved in the total T ‐dependence of the corresponding core‐level to conduction‐band transitions. In the second part of this work it is shown that multiphonon and hydrostatic processes lead to large and different T ‐coefficients of the Si2p level in Si and SiO 2 , whereas the different contributions to the T ‐dependence of the Ga3d level in GaP give an almost vanishing total effect. Furthermore, it is shown that the main contributions to the T ‐dependence of atomic core levels in semiconductors and insulators come from the electrostatic interaction of the core electrons with their environment, whereas the T ‐dependence of relaxation energies is very small. The results are in agreement with data which are deduced from corresponding experiments performed by Aspnes et al.