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A Correlation between Structural Parameters and Electrical Conductivity of Calcium‐Modified Ba(Zr 0.05 Ti 0.95 )O 3 Ceramic
Author(s) -
Selvamani Rachna,
Singh Gurvinderjit,
Tiwari Vidya Sagar,
Karnal Ashwani K.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.202000392
Subject(s) - conductivity , ceramic , ionic conductivity , dielectric spectroscopy , materials science , electrical resistivity and conductivity , oxygen , analytical chemistry (journal) , ionic bonding , calcium , electrical impedance , mineralogy , chemistry , ion , metallurgy , electrode , electrolyte , electrochemistry , organic chemistry , chromatography , electrical engineering , engineering
Lead‐free (Ba 1– x Ca x )(Zr 0.05 Ti 0.95 )O 3 ( x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, and 0.15) (BCZT x ) ceramics are fabricated using the solid state reaction method. The ionic conductivity of the ceramic samples is investigated by complex impedance spectroscopy. The impedance measurements suggest that doubly charged oxygen vacancies ( V O · · ) are responsible for conduction and relaxation. The impedance measurements show that with increase in calcium content the ionic conductivity increases till x = 0.10 and thereafter it decreases gradually. This anomaly in the conductivity is discussed on the basis of structural parameters such as lattice free volume, tolerance factors, and number of equivalent oxygen sites. The presence of the anomaly at x = 0.10 is attributed to a balance between the number of equivalent oxygen sites increasing and the lattice free volume reducing with calcium content.