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Preparation and Magnetoelectric Behavior of Ni/BaTiO 3 Heterostructures with 0‐3 Connectivity
Author(s) -
Buttlar Toni,
Walther Till,
Dörr Kathrin,
Ebbinghaus Stefan G.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.201900622
Subject(s) - materials science , condensed matter physics , magnetization , magnetostriction , ferroelectricity , ferromagnetism , magnetoelectric effect , tetragonal crystal system , remanence , orthorhombic crystal system , magnetic field , multiferroics , dielectric , crystal structure , crystallography , optoelectronics , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Magnetoelectric 0‐3 composites consisting of small ferromagnetic Ni particles in the micrometer range embedded in a ferroelectric BaTiO 3 matrix are synthesized by reductive sintering in flowing nitrogen with carbon as the oxygen getter. Phase purity of the samples Ni x /(BaTiO 3 ) 1 − x ( x = 0.1–0.7) is verified by powder X‐ray diffraction in combination with scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analyses and magnetization investigations. The magnetoelectric coefficient ( α ME ) is studied for parallel and perpendicular orientations of polarization and magnetic field. For the latter orientation, a reverse sign and a much weaker signal are found. The dependence of α ME on the magnetic direct current bias field shows a linear behavior between ≈±2 kOe and a drop to almost zero above ≈4 kOe. Largest values are obtained for x = 0.4. With increasing frequency of the alternating current driving field, α ME becomes larger. At low temperatures, two step‐like decreases in the magnetoelectric coefficient occur, reflecting the phase transitions of BaTiO 3 (tetragonal→orthorhombic and orthorhombic→rhombohedral). While this finding corroborates the interpretation of α ME being a product property of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity, distinct deviations between the field dependence of the integrated ME signal and the magnetostriction of nickel are found.