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Effect of Hydrogen Fluoride Addition and Synthesis Temperature on the Structure of Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Fluorinated by Molecular Fluorine
Author(s) -
Fedoseeva Yuliya V.,
Dubois Marc,
Flahaut Emmanuel,
Vilkov Oleg Yu.,
Chuvilin Andrey,
Asanov Igor P.,
Okotrub Alexander V.,
Bulusheva Lyubov G.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.201700261
Subject(s) - fluorine , xanes , raman spectroscopy , hydrogen fluoride , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , carbon nanotube , hydrogen , absorption (acoustics) , absorption spectroscopy , carbon fibers , transmission electron microscopy , materials science , chemistry , fluoride , spectroscopy , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , nanotechnology , physics , composite material , quantum mechanics , composite number , optics , engineering
Double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been fluorinated by pure molecular fluorine (F 2 ) at room temperature or 200 °C and a mixture of F 2 with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at 200 °C that resulted in products with compositions of CF 0.12 , CF 0.39 , and CF 0.53 as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The differences in the structures of three kinds of fluorinated DWCNTs were revealed using transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical modeling of the NEXAFS F K‐edge spectra detected a change in the fluorine pattern with the increase of the F 2 treatment temperature. The presence of HF in fluorine gas was found to accelerate the fluorination process and cause a partial destruction of outer shells of the DWCNTs.