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Relaxor–ferroelectric crossover seen via characteristic temperatures of Ba x Sr 1– x TiO 3 ferroelectrics detected by acoustic emission
Author(s) -
Dul'kin Evgeniy,
Zhai Jiwei,
Roth Michael
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.201552111
Subject(s) - ferroelectricity , materials science , curie temperature , dielectric , condensed matter physics , atmospheric temperature range , phase (matter) , phase transition , ceramic , analytical chemistry (journal) , physics , thermodynamics , ferromagnetism , chemistry , optoelectronics , chromatography , quantum mechanics , composite material
Ba x Sr 1– x TiO 3 ferroelectrics ceramic with x = 70 and 80% have been studied by means of acoustic emission over a wide 0–300 °C temperature range and under dc external electric field. All the Curie temperatures T c , intermediate temperatures T * , and Burns temperatures T d have been successfully detected and compared with those previously detected in Ba x Sr 1– x TiO 3 with x = 60% and pure BaTiO 3 , using the acoustic emission. For all the compounds, the critical end points at which the strains are expected to be largest, have been successfully detected, too. While the T c linearly increases as x increases, it was established that both the T * and T d exhibit nonlinear behavior: they initially decrease, attain the minima near x ≈ 70% and then start to increase and tend to those, corresponding to pure BaTiO 3 , as it was previously reconstructed for T d in BaZr x Ti 1– x O 3 compound [Shvartsman and Lupascu, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95 , 1 (2012)]. Such a phenomenon is discussed from the viewpoint of the presence of polar nanoregions, intrinsic to pure BaTiO 3 in the paraelectric phase, and it is concluded, that a minimum in both the T * ( x ) and T d ( x ) dependences points out a range of relaxor–ferroelectric crossovers in Ba‐based compounds.