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Thermodynamic modelling of liquids: CALPHAD approaches and contributions from statistical physics
Author(s) -
Becker Chandler A.,
Ågren John,
Baricco Marcello,
Chen Qing,
Decterov Sergei A.,
Kattner Ursula R.,
Perepezko John H.,
Pottlacher Gernot R.,
Selleby Malin
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.201350149
Subject(s) - calphad , formalism (music) , statistical physics , thermodynamics , scale (ratio) , monte carlo method , chemistry , physics , phase diagram , mathematics , art , musical , statistics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , visual arts , phase (matter)
We describe current approaches to thermodynamic modelling of liquids for the CALPHAD method, the use of available experimental methods and results in this type of modelling, and considerations in the use of atomic‐scale simulation methods to inform a CALPHAD approach. We begin with an overview of the formalism currently used in CALPHAD to describe the temperature dependence of the liquid Gibbs free energy and outline opportunities for improvement by reviewing the current physical understanding of the liquid. Brief descriptions of experimental methods for extracting high‐temperature data on liquids and the preparation of undercooled liquid samples are presented. Properties of a well‐determined substance, B 2 O 3 , including the glass transition, are then discussed in detail to emphasize specific modelling requirements for the liquid. We then examine the two‐state model proposed for CALPHAD in detail and compare results with experiment and theory, where available. We further examine the contributions of atomic‐scale methods to the understanding of liquids and their potential for supplementing available data. We discuss molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo methods that employ atomic interactions from classical interatomic potentials, as well as contributions from ab initio MD. We conclude with a summary of our findings.