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Perforation of graphite in boiling mineral acid
Author(s) -
Okotrub A. V.,
Yudanov N. F.,
Tur V. A.,
Asanov I. P.,
Shubin Yu.V.,
Vyalikh D. V.,
Bulusheva L. G.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.201200143
Subject(s) - graphite , graphite oxide , xanes , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , raman spectroscopy , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , boiling , absorption spectroscopy , absorption (acoustics) , oxide , transmission electron microscopy , oxygen , absorption edge , spectroscopy , chemistry , nanotechnology , composite material , optics , nuclear magnetic resonance , metallurgy , organic chemistry , physics , band gap , optoelectronics , quantum mechanics
Perforation of graphite is carried out by treating the graphite oxide with a boiling mineral acid H 2 SO 4 or H 3 PO 4 . High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows formation of a large number of vacancy defects (holes) in the graphene sheets, which are caused more likely by the CO 2 liberation during the reduction process. The characteristic size of the holes is about 2 nm. The obtained materials are comparatively examined by X‐ray diffraction, Raman and IR‐absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. It is found that the products obtained using a strong acid H 2 SO 4 and a weak acid H 3 PO 4 are different in the concentration and electronic state of oxygen and the mean distance between defects.Left, schematic representation of the perforated graphite (PG); right, NEXAFS OK‐edge spectra of the PG obtained using H 3 PO 4 and H 2 SO 4 acids demonstrate the different electronic state of oxygen in the samples.