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Positronium at polymeric surface
Author(s) -
Rathore M. K.,
Shrivastava S. B.,
Rathore V.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
physica status solidi (b)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.51
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1521-3951
pISSN - 0370-1972
DOI - 10.1002/pssb.200402038
Subject(s) - positronium , positron , polystyrene , materials science , polymer , volume (thermodynamics) , annihilation , diffusion , glass transition , atomic physics , molecular physics , surface energy , positron annihilation , trapping , thermodynamics , composite material , chemistry , nuclear physics , physics , electron , ecology , biology
Annihilation of slow positrons at a polymeric surface has been discussed in terms of positron diffusion and trapping of positronium into free volume holes. The above model has been used to calculate the ortho‐positronium lifetime ( τ 3 ) in polystyrene (PS), epoxy resin film, polyurethane (PU) and polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) as a function of temperature, incident positron energy and mean implantation depth. The results have been compared with the experimental observations of other authors. The variation in τ 3 with respect to temperature clearly demonstrates a discontinuity in the curve at T g corresponding to the glass transition temperature. The variation of calculated τ 3 shows that the lifetime increases significantly above T g however, below T g it increases only slowly. This is a direct consequence of the change in the size of free volume holes. The T g has been found to be dependent both on positron energy and density of the polymer. Large variation in τ 3 has been observed at low energies suggesting a significant structure of free volume holes near the surface. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)