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Stronger Reductive Environment in Solvothermal Synthesis Leads to Improved Ga Doping Efficiency in ZnO Nanocrystals and Enhanced Plasmonic Absorption
Author(s) -
Šutka Andris,
Zukuls Anzelms,
Eglītis Raivis,
Käämbre Tanel,
Kook Mati,
Vlassov Sergei,
Rubenis Kristaps,
Ignatans Reinis
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201900335
Subject(s) - materials science , dopant , nanocrystal , solvothermal synthesis , doping , chemical engineering , solvent , nanotechnology , oxide , absorption (acoustics) , hydrothermal circulation , photochemistry , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , engineering , metallurgy , composite material
The key parameter for degenerated semiconductor oxide plasmonic nanocrystals is the doping level. Hydrothermal and solvothermal approaches are considered to be less effective toward achieving high concentration of aliovalent donor dopants in a host oxide when compared to other synthesis methods that use long chain hydrocarbon solvents, fatty acids, and fatty amines as precursors. Because of this, although they have several advantages such as sustainability, ease of use, relatively inexpensive reagents and apparatus, and reduced environmental impact, they are excluded from the list of potential synthesis methods. Herein, an effective Zn 2+ substitution with aliovalent Ga 3+ in the ZnO host lattice is demonstrated, and it is achieved by increasing the reductive power of the solvothermal synthesis conditions by either solvent substitution or the addition of reducing agents. This increase results in an increased oxidation affinity of the medium. This in turn promotes Ga 3+ incorporation into the ZnO lattice, by skewing the reaction equilibrium toward oxygen evolution.