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Development of Rutile Titanium Oxide Thin Films as Battery Material Component Using Atomic Layer Deposition
Author(s) -
Kia Alireza M.,
Bönhardt Sascha,
Zybell Sabine,
Kühnel Kati,
Haufe Nora,
Weinreich Wenke
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201800769
Subject(s) - materials science , atomic layer deposition , rutile , anatase , titanium , thin film , silicon , chemical engineering , tin , titanium nitride , titanium tetrachloride , titanium oxide , nitride , nanotechnology , layer (electronics) , metallurgy , photocatalysis , chemistry , biochemistry , engineering , catalysis
Herein, growth kinetics, crystal structure, and the uniformity of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) thin films prepared using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma‐enhanced ALD (PE‐ALD) are studied. TiO 2 thin films are grown using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), water, and oxygen precursors. Using ALD, TiO 2 is grown in the temperature range of 270–310 °C thermally and in the range of 300–400 °C with PE‐ALD. In spite of the plasma process yielding better uniformity on planar structures, the optimized thermal process provides a remarkable conformal step coverage within deep trenches. In addition, the change in the crystal structure and phase transitions of TiO 2 is presented herein. This is attempted at using TiO 2 as a component material to grow lithium titanate (LTO) as an electrode material in solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Thereby, different substrates are used. In comparison to the silicon (Si) substrate, silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) and titanium nitride (TiN) lead to crystal phase transformation while annealing. Measurements are performed using in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD). It is also shown that when TiN is sandwiched between TiO 2 and the silicon substrate, the TiO 2 thin film (25 nm) gradually changes from an anatase to a rutile structure.