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Electrical Properties and Thermal Expansion Characteristics of (1– x )Ba 0.948 Ca 0.05 Er 0.002 Ti 0.94 Zr 0.06 O 3 –( x )Pr Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Sintered at a Low‐Temperature
Author(s) -
Tian Yongshang,
Cao Lijia,
Li Shuiyun,
Fu Shiying,
Chen Zhijia,
Ji Xiang,
Jing Qiangshan
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201800622
Subject(s) - thermal expansion , rietveld refinement , materials science , ceramic , oxygen , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , lattice constant , crystal structure , mineralogy , crystallography , metallurgy , chemistry , diffraction , organic chemistry , chromatography , optics , physics
(1 − x )Ba 0.948 Ca 0.05 Er 0.002 Ti 0.94 Zr 0.06 O 3 –( x )Pr ( x = 0–0.75 mol%) ceramics are sintered at 1240 °C by conventional solid‐state reaction method using the as‐synthesized nanoparticles, which are prepared by a modified Pechini method. The structural, morphological, electrical, and thermal expansion properties as a function of varying x are systematically investigated. All samples feature rhombohedral phase, and their lattice parameters are accurately calculated by Rietveld refinement software. Volume of oxygen vacancies initially decreases and then increases with increasing x , leading to diversified electrical properties. Deteriorated electrical properties of the ceramics with excessive x are attributed to the increment of defect complexes with a large volume of oxygen vacancies. The coefficient of thermal expansion values of the ceramics that is influenced by phase evolution and structure defects under different temperature ranges are studied. The respective optimal electrical properties, that is, d 33 = 186 pC N −1 and k p = 27.2% are obtained at x = 0.30 mol%. This research is believed to be insightful to practical application of the lead‐free multifunctional electron components.