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Aluminum Electrode Insulation Dynamics via Interface Oxidation by Reactant Diffusion in Organic Layers
Author(s) -
Fluhr Daniel,
Züfle Simon,
Muhsin Burhan,
Öttking Rolf,
Seeland Marco,
Roesch Roland,
Schubert Ulrich S.,
Ruhstaller Beat,
Krischok Stefan,
Hoppe Harald
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201800474
Subject(s) - materials science , delamination (geology) , electrode , composite material , oxide , diffusion , organic solar cell , metallurgy , polymer , chemistry , paleontology , tectonics , physics , subduction , biology , thermodynamics
Appreciable progress has been achieved in the development of organic photovoltaics (OPV) over the last decade. However, further improvement of operational stability remains a challenge. In this contribution, focus is placed on corrosion and delamination of the metal contact, which are mainly caused by oxygen or water vapor ingress but in other cases also via mechanical wear and different thermal expansion coefficients. So‐called pinholes and electrode edges provide pathways for ingress of water vapor and oxygen, which may attack the metal–organic interface. Thus, electrical insolation via formation of insulating metal oxide and concomitant mechanical delamination occurs. As charge injection and extraction is suppressed at insulated and delaminated areas, the active area contributing to power conversion gets reduced. This work links analytical and numerical predictions about the active area in contact with the electrode to experimentally observe dependencies. Spatially and time‐resolved electroluminescence measurements provide information on location, size, and growth‐rate of insulated areas. Area loss rates for dark spots depend either sub‐linear (for early stages and edge‐ingress) or linear (later stages) on time. The initial defect size has a clear impact on growth rates. Furthermore, it has possible to demonstrate titanium oxide interlayers to slow down this type of extrinsic degradation.