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Optimization of titanium‐doped indium oxide anodes for heterojunction organic solar cells
Author(s) -
Kim DongJu,
Kim HanKi
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201600463
Subject(s) - materials science , dopant , heterojunction , anode , sputtering , doping , optoelectronics , organic solar cell , substrate (aquarium) , crystallization , indium , open circuit voltage , energy conversion efficiency , thin film , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , electrode , composite material , chemistry , voltage , oceanography , physics , quantum mechanics , geology , engineering , polymer
We investigated the characteristics of Ti‐doped In 2 O 3 (TIO) films grown by a direct current (DC) sputtering to use as a transparent anode for heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of the TIO films were comprehensively investigated as a function of Ti composition in TIO targets and TIO film thickness. The in‐situ substrate heating during DC sputtering led to an effective activation of Ti dopants and crystallization of the TIO films. At optimized conditions, the TIO film showed a low resistivity of 2.4 × 10 −4 Ω cm and high optical transmittance of 80% comparable to crystalline ITO films. In particular, the TIO films showed a high near infrared transparency due to effect of the Ti dopant with high Lewis acid strength (3.06). The heterojunction OSCs fabricated on TIO anode exhibited a good cell‐performance with a fill factor of 62.53%, a short circuit current of 8.785 mA cm −2 , an open circuit voltage of 0.607 V, and a power conversion efficiency of 3.333%, which are comparable to OSCs with ITO anodes (PCE 3.382).