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Controlled growth of PbI 2 nanoplates for rapid preparation of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 in planar perovskite solar cells
Author(s) -
Fu Fan,
Kranz Lukas,
Yoon Songhak,
Löckinger Johannes,
Jäger Timo,
Perrenoud Julian,
Feurer Thomas,
Gretener Christina,
Buecheler Stephan,
Tiwari Ayodhya N.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201532442
Subject(s) - materials science , perovskite (structure) , energy conversion efficiency , halide , chemical engineering , layer (electronics) , nanotechnology , planar , inorganic chemistry , optoelectronics , chemistry , computer graphics (images) , computer science , engineering
Absorbers for planar perovskite solar cells are often prepared by two‐step deposition methods, where a thick compact PbI 2 layer is deposited followed by conversion to perovskite using CH 3 NH 3 I solution. The surface of the precursor layer quickly reacts with the CH 3 NH 3 I solution, which hinders further diffusion of CH 3 NH 3 I into the layer, consequently leading to significant amounts of residual PbI 2 at room temperature. Here, we report a novel concept that employs a porous nanostructured PbI 2 layer consisting of nanoplates to rapidly prepare single phase perovskite layer. The non‐compact nanoplate morphology is achieved in a controllable manner by thermal evaporation of PbI 2 on TiO 2 ‐coated FTO substrate and allows easy penetration of CH 3 NH 3 I solution into the whole PbI 2 layer, thus facilitating fast and complete conversion. The amount of PbI 2 residual can be controlled by varying the CH 3 NH 3 I concentration. The growth of the nanoplates is governed by the intrinsic crystallographic structure of the deposited material, crystal characteristics of the underlying substrate, and deposition method. The introduced process enables planar perovskite solar cells with efficiency of 8.6% measured at maximum power point. This work opens a new route for rapid preparation of other three‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites by rational tailoring the metal halide morphology.