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Synthesis and characterization of Fe‐doped LiNbO 3 nanocrystals from a triple‐alkoxide method
Author(s) -
Knabe Bastian,
Schütze Daniel,
Jungk Tobias,
Svete Matthias,
Assenmacher Wilfried,
Mader Werner,
Buse Karsten
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.201026546
Subject(s) - alkoxide , nanocrystal , transmission electron microscopy , annealing (glass) , materials science , ferroelectricity , analytical chemistry (journal) , scherrer equation , doping , crystallography , sol gel , x ray crystallography , diffraction , scanning electron microscope , nanotechnology , chemistry , optics , optoelectronics , biochemistry , physics , chromatography , dielectric , composite material , catalysis
Nanocrystals of Fe/LiNbO 3 were synthesized from Li(OC 2 H 5 ), Nb(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 , and Fe(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 using a triple alkoxide sol–gel method with Fe‐dopings of 0.5 and 1 mol%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction proves the samples to be phase‐pure and crystalline. The size of the crystals as determined by Scherrer equation and transmission electron microscopy is below 50 nm. Iron is distributed homogeneously within the crystals as shown with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Ferroelectricity is verified by piezoresponse force microscopy. Vacuum annealing enables to control the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ‐concentration ratio from 0.1 to 0.9 with a reduction onset temperature of 200 °C.