Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead‐free Ba 1− x La x Ti 1− x Fe x O 3 ceramics

Perovskite types Ba 1− x La x Ti 1− x Fe x O 3 (with 0 ≤  x  ≤ 0.15) ceramics have been prepared through a solid‐state reaction route. The room‐temperature X‐ray diffraction study suggests that all the compositions have single phase. A broad dielectric anomaly coupled with the shift of dielectric maxima toward a higher temperature with increasing frequency indicates the relaxor‐type behavior in some ceramics. The relaxor ceramics obtained obey the Vogel–Fulcher law. The partial replacement of Ba 2+ by La 3+ and Ti 4+ by Fe 3+ shows a remarkable decrease of T C . The P – E hysteresis measurement proves the ferroelectric character of these compounds. The piezoelectric constant d 31 of about 33.7 pC N −1 was observed for Ba 0.95 La 0.05 Ti 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 3 ceramic.