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Symmetry breaking and Wigner molecules in few‐electron quantum dots
Author(s) -
Yannouleas Constantine,
Landman Uzi
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
physica status solidi (a)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.532
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1862-6319
pISSN - 1862-6300
DOI - 10.1002/pssa.200566197
Subject(s) - quantum dot , physics , electron , quantum mechanics , quantum entanglement , condensed matter physics , wave function , singlet state , symmetry breaking , magnetic field , quantum electrodynamics , quantum , excited state
We discuss symmetry breaking in two‐dimensional quantum dots resulting from strong interelectron repulsion relative to the zero‐point kinetic energy associated with the confining potential. Such symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of crystalline arrangements of electrons in the dot. The so‐called Wigner molecules form already at field‐free conditions. The appearance of rotating Wigner molecules in circular dots under high magnetic field, and their relation to magic angular momenta and quantum‐Hall‐effect fractional fillings is also discussed. Recent calculations for two electrons in an elliptic quantum dot, using exact diagonalization and an approximate generalized‐Heitler–London treatment, show that the electrons can localize and form a molecular dimer for screened interelectron repulsion. The calculated singlet‐triplet splitting ( J ) as a function of the magnetic field ( B ) agrees with cotunneling measurements; its behavior reflects the effective dissociation of the dimer for large B . Knowledge of the dot shape and of J ( B ) allows determination of two measures of entanglement (concurrence and von Neumann entropy for indistinguishable fermions), whose behavior correlates also with the dissociation of the dimer. The theoretical value for the concurrence at B = 0 agrees with the experimental estimates. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)